Weather-resistant outer fabrics form the first line of defense, with materials chosen for their ability to repel water, block wind, and withstand abrasion. The most common outer fabrics include polyester, nylon, and softshell blends, all treated with a DWR (Durable Water Repellent) coating. Polyester and nylon are lightweight, durable, and have tight weaves that block wind and resist water absorption. Softshell fabrics— a combination of polyester, spandex, and waterproof membranes—offer enhanced flexibility and breathability, making them ideal for active use like cycling or running. The DWR coating is a hydrophobic treatment applied to the fabric’s surface, causing water to bead and roll off instead of soaking into the material. This coating is critical for preventing the outer fabric from becoming saturated, which would reduce insulation effectiveness and make the gloves heavy and uncomfortable. The fabric’s weave density (measured in threads per inch, TPI) is optimized for weather resistance—higher TPI (100+ TPI) fabrics block wind more effectively than lower TPI options.
Waterproof membranes are the core of the glove’s water resistance, providing a barrier that prevents liquid water from penetrating while allowing moisture vapor (sweat) to escape. The most common membranes include polyurethane (PU), ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, e.g., Gore-Tex®), and hydrophilic coatings. PU membranes are lightweight and cost-effective, with micropores that allow vapor to pass through while blocking water. They are laminated between the outer fabric and insulation, creating a seamless waterproof layer. ePTFE membranes (Gore-Tex®) are premium options, featuring billions of microscopic pores per square inch—each pore is smaller than a water droplet but larger than a water vapor molecule, ensuring waterproofing and breathability. Hydrophilic coatings are applied directly to the inner surface of the outer fabric, absorbing moisture vapor and transporting it to the outer surface, where it evaporates. These membranes are critical for keeping hands dry in wet conditions, as even small amounts of water penetration can compromise warmth and comfort.
Windproof technology complements waterproofing, with barriers designed to block cold air from penetrating the glove and stealing body heat. Windproof layers are often integrated into the waterproof membrane or outer fabric, with tight weaves and airtight construction preventing air flow. The membrane itself acts as a windproof barrier, as its dense structure does not allow air to pass through. Additionally, the glove’s cuffs are designed to seal the wrist area—adjustable Velcro straps, elastic bands, or drawstrings create a snug fit that prevents cold air from entering. The thumb and finger seams are strategically placed to avoid gaps where wind can penetrate, with flatlock stitching that lies flat against the skin to reduce air flow. For extreme wind conditions, some gloves include a windproof flap over the wrist closure, adding an extra layer of protection.
Seam sealing is a critical detail for weather resistance, as seams are potential weak points where water and wind can penetrate. Gloves use taped seams or sealed stitching to eliminate gaps between fabric panels. Taped seams involve applying a thin layer of waterproof tape over the seam on the inside of the glove, creating an airtight, watertight barrier. Sealed stitching uses special thread and techniques that prevent water from seeping through the stitch holes. These methods are applied to all seams, including those around the fingers, palm, and cuffs, ensuring no area is left unprotected. The fingertip areas—where conductive materials are integrated—require special attention, with sealed seams that do not interfere with touchscreen responsiveness. This meticulous seam sealing ensures the glove’s weather resistance is consistent across the entire design, even in high-stress areas.